A highly relatable middle grade drama." - School Library Journal "Libenson's clever tale will entertain readers in the throes of middle school as well as younger students both wary of and intrigued by their near future. ![]() This Study Guide consists of approximately 40 pages of chapter summaries, quotes. Holm, Invisible Emmie is a humorous and surprising debut graphic novel by Terri Libenson, creator of the internationally syndicated, Reuben Award-winning comic strip The Pajama Diaries. A well-executed twist will have readers flipping back to see what they missed while cheering the strides made by Libenson's no-longer-invisible heroine." - Publishers Weekly "With all-too-familiar middle-school drama and an empowering lesson about speaking up and bravely facing down embarrassment, this should find an easy audience among fans of Wimpy Kid or Dork Diaries books." - Booklist "Many readers will recognize themselves in Emmie and her friends, who are at once self-conscious and eager to be seen for who they are. Invisible Emmie - Part 2 Summary & Analysis. Invisible Emmie - Part 2 Summary & Analysis Libenson, Terri This Study Guide consists of approximately 40 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Invisible Emmie. Perfect for fans of Raina Telgemeier and Jennifer L. Reading Invisible Emmie sums up middle school: You laugh, you cry, you get beaned in the head with a volleyball." - Stephan Pastis, author of Timmy Failure "In her first children's book, cartoonist Libenson offers strikingly different visions of seventh grade through two very dissimilar narrators. Invisible Emmie is unforgettable!" - Lincoln Peirce, author of Big Nate "This funny and heartfelt tale will ring true for anyone who's ever felt invisible." - Victoria Jamieson, Newbery Honor author-illustrator of Roller Girl "Clever, funny work by a great cartoonist. A fantastic debut novel with plenty of laughs and tons of heart. This is the story of two totally different girls. ![]() This graphic novel is written in two viewpoints. Two full-color illustrated graphic novels from award-winning and bestselling author and cartoonist Terri Libenson Clever, funny work by a great cartoonist. This is the story of two totally different girls quiet, shy, artistic Emmie and popular, outgoing, athletic Katie and how their lives unexpectedly intersect. Perfect for fans of Raina Telgemeier and Jennifer L. "This is middle grade fiction at its best. Maybe staying invisible isnt the only way to survive middle school.
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Guided by this realization, she said at her next group meeting at work: “I need to listen to each and every one of you.” By doing so, she was able to get into her flow state and she was able to take in everyone’s feedback. Working together, they determined that she got into the flow state when she had quality one-on-one time with other people and was able to speak and listen deeply. His flow state involved not only cycling, but being engaged in a group dynamic.Īnother example: Allen worked with the chief operating officer of a healthcare institution - she was very quiet and had received feedback that she lacked leadership qualities. But his internal emotions went deeper: he wanted to support his teammates and create synergy among them. Physically, he was outside and exercising. Are you engaged in acts of service? Sharing? Creating a sense of unity or community? Are you problem solving? Immersed in deep focus or deep listening?Īllen worked with one client who found his flow state whenever he was racing bicycles. In addition, think about what you’re doing mentally. Perhaps you’re on stage, writing or gardening. Distinguish what you’re physically doing when you lose all sense of time or have a sense of ease. Then, when you are in a state of flow, broaden your awareness: Notice and remember the activities surrounding you. For the next two weeks, Allen suggests, observe yourself, notice what you’re doing, and look for the key indicators of flow: losing your sense of time or self, feeling that you’re acting with ease, gaining new insights, and having a positive feedback loop. Allen recommends recreating the memories of when you were in flow state and examining them.įirst, you must observe yourself. Once you know when you’ve experienced that effortless feeling, you can determine how you got there. ![]() Learn how to get into it by working backwards “The actual flow state is when you’re somehow active,” says Allen, pointing to activities like playing the violin, writing, playing tennis, or leading a meeting. Those are passive activities, and something outside of you, like the book or the game, is captivating you. You may feel like you’re in the flow state during activities - like reading a book, binge-watching TV, or playing video games - because you lose all sense of time but they’re not the flow state, says Allen. The more engaged you are with a task, the more positive feedback you receive, which encourages you to keep going. It might even come in the moments when you have new ideas and insights, and “you put things together in ways you’d never put them together before,” says Allen.įlow state often features a positive feedback loop. Ask yourself: When have hours passed by without your realizing it? Perhaps you were so engrossed with painting that you didn’t hear your phone, or you were working on a PowerPoint presentation so intently that you didn’t notice the sunset.Īnother indicator of flow state is having a sense of ease, when things feel like they just click into place. One of the key indicators of being in flow state is losing a sense of time. Many people have experienced flow state without knowing that’s what it was. Identify when you’re naturally in your flow state Here’s how to gain awareness of your flow state and what you can do to tap into it more often. “When you get that high or euphoria, it’s liberating,” she adds, and finding her flow state onstage as a musician helped her overcome shyness and performance anxiety offstage.įlow is simply that optimal state of mind in which we feel and perform our best, and it doesn’t have to be mysterious or elusive. But “flow state is something that happens to all of us,” says Allen - it’s not just for creatives, academics or athletes. ![]() ![]() When you hear “flow” you might think of musicians, athletes, yoga practitioners or scientists in the lab. ![]() Finding your flow state can guide your career, relationships, and even your hobbies. Yes, you can experience the benefits that come with it more often, including being self-motivated, more productive, and more empowered, according to violinist and keynote speaker Diane Allen, who’s become an expert at helping people find their flow state. The good news is that we don’t have to wait for a flow state to happen - we can take steps that can allow us to access it. And it’s something we’ve all experienced before. That’s your flow state, something that psychology researcher Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from Claremont Graduate University in California, identified. When was the last time you felt fully engaged in a task and the hours just melted away? ![]() Please allow about 45 minutes for the entire session, from registration paperwork, to the ultrasound, to complete the video and picture selections. If a third session is needed, we will only charge $50. If you need to return for another appointment because we were unable to produce quality photos, we will reschedule a FREE session. facing the back/spine, it may take a little longer, or you may need to schedule another appointment. In case the baby is not cooperating, i.e. If the baby is cooperating, we will be able to complete the scans in about 20 minutes. How long does a 3D/4D/HD Live ultrasound take? Dresses are not recommended, however we can provide drapery if necessary. At the same time, two piece clothing is required. ![]() The more comfortable you are, the more relaxed the baby will be. We suggest you wear what is comfortable to you. The ideal timeframe is 26-32 weeks, so please try to schedule at least a week ahead. The bottom line is, there are only a few weeks of optimal viewing, and we will do our best to make sure you can get the best experience possible. We will do our best to accommodate you, so same day appointments and irregular hours may be possible for an additional fee (schedule permitting). As expected, the most highly desired appointments do fill up quickly. Yes, appointments are required and should be made as soon as possible. Many expectant mothers come in two to four times to see their baby's growth.Ĭan a 3D/4D/HD Live ultrasound take the place on an ultrasound from my doctor’s office?Ībsolutely not! Women seeking an elective prenatal ultrasound must already be receiving prenatal care with a healthcare provider and have already undergone a medical, diagnostic ultrasound to confirm their due date, screen for fetal anomalies, and to diagnose any other pregnancy related issues. The ideal timeframe for performing these ultrasounds is the 26th through the 32nd week. The question you need to answer first is, what stage of you baby would you want to see? 3D/4D/HD Live ultrasounds can be taken anytime during your pregnancy. When is the optimal time to come in for a viewing? With a 4D ultrasound, these 3D images are continuously connected, creating live motion. With HD Live, the 4D image is now using fetal realistic view - making the image even clearer and more realistic. With a 3D ultrasound, you will be able to see your baby's cute little fingers and toes. 3D ultrasounds create depth providing more surface details. Most hospitals and clinics will use these black and white prints.Ī 3D ultrasound is a three dimensional view of your baby, captured as a photo or sonogram. Generally these sonograms are displayed and printed in black and white. This is the two dimensional picture created through an ultrasound. According to The National Institute of Health, ultrasound does not produce ionizing radiation and is considered a very safe procedure for both the mother and the fetus. Our technologically advanced machines will take numerous two dimensional images and compile them into one three dimensional image. The machine displays distances and intensities of the echoes on the screen, forming a two dimensional image. The sounds (echoes) are electronically changed into pictures/images. The reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed to the machine. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to reflect off internal body parts. ![]() Complete your purchase with Touch ID on your iPhone or with your Apple Watch.Īccess files on your Mac desktop from your iPhone with iCloud Desktop and Documents. ![]() Use Apple Pay to make easy, secure payments when shopping in Safari on your Mac.Log in to your Mac automatically when you wear your Apple Watch - no need to type your password.Įnjoy the convenience and security of Apple Pay when you shop on the web.Copy a quote, image, or video from an app on one device and paste it into an app on another device.Find files, adjust settings, and get system information just by asking Siri.Ĭopy and paste between your devices with Universal Clipboard.Pin Siri results in Notification Center and reference them later.Drag and drop or copy and paste Siri results into your documents.Send messages, create reminders, search the web, and more while you work.Enjoy your favorite features from iOS as well as new ones optimized for Mac.Get things done by asking Siri, the intelligent assistant now on your Mac: Fixes an issue where Spotlight may not accept keyboard input.Improves the reliability of Microsoft Exchange message sync in Mail.Fixes a bug where Bluetooth may be unavailable during Apple Pay transactions.Adds support for 70 new emoji including food types, animals, mythical creatures, clothing options, more expressive smiley faces, gender-neutral characters and more.Addresses an issue that could cause Messages conversations to temporarily be listed out of order.The macOS High Sierra 10.13.3 update improves the security, stability, and reliability of your Mac. To enable Messages in iCloud, go to Preferences in Messages, click Accounts, then select "Enable Messages in iCloud". This update adds support for Messages in iCloud, which lets you store messages with their attachments in iCloud and free up space on your Mac. ![]() The macOS High Sierra 10.13.5 update improves the stability, performance, and security of your Mac and is recommended for all users. Fixes an issue that may prevent Mail users from moving a message from Gmail to another account.Fixes an issue that may prevent Photos from recognizing AVCHD media from some cameras.Play music at the same time on multiple AirPlay 2-enabled speakers in your house, all in sync.Control your home audio system and AirPlay 2-enabled speakers throughout your house.The macOS High Sierra 10.13.6 update adds AirPlay 2 multi-room audio support for iTunes and improves the stability and security of your Mac.The macOS High Sierra 10.13.6 Supplemental Update improves the stability and reliability of MacBook Pro with Touch Bar (2018) computers and is recommended for all users.Added download links for Security Update 2019-001, which is recommended for all users and improves the security of macOS.This update is recommended for all users. The macOS High Sierra 10.13.6 Update adds AirPlay 2 multiroom audio support for iTunes and improves the stability and security of your Mac. It's another way iPhone and Mac just click. Continuity Camera works in the Finder, Mail, Messages, Notes, Pages, Keynote, and Numbers. Or scan a receipt, and a straightened version is immediately available in the Finder as a PDF. You can take a photo of something on your desk and instantly see it in your Pages document. Just choose Insert a Photo from the File menu. ![]() Now you can use your iPhone to shoot or scan a nearby object or document and have it automatically appear on your Mac. Finally, applications like Safari, Spotlight, Notes, Apple Mail, and other have been polished up. Better graphics and VR supported have also been included along with backwards compatibility so you install the new OS in machine even from late 2009. There's a new file system, AFS, for better security, reliability and speed in file transfers. MacOS High Sierra is packed with new features and refinements. Novica presents a wide selection of rose quartz jewelry from talented artisans and silversmiths around the world. Sasina prefers to knot the stone by hand on silk for an ethereal strand necklace. Withaya Cheunjit clusters the pale pink gem in his pearl bracelet and necklace designs. Thai designer Nareerat fashions petals from the stone for a floral necklace or a flower earring set or brooch. Its milky aspect is attributed to the presence of tiny rutile needles within the stone.Īn alternate birth stone for those born in January, rose quartz is a favorite in heart rings and makes an exceptional birthstone ring. It has been carved since early times and is often faceted when set in jewelry. The clear pink stone is one of the most desirable varieties of quartz. My rivière might not have been the literal rivière that Queen Charlotte wore, but it's totally relevant for the Georgian era.Always lovely, rose quartz is believed to help ignite the flame of love. "I hope that they can see that it actually was in so many ways because of the craftsmanship. And to those who take issue with the production's Impressionist spin? "People might say it wasn't literal, it wasn't period, they shouldn't have done this," Satloff says. This is all to say that jewelry enthusiasts may have particular fun watching Queen Charlotte. Even candlelight: "You think candlelight has been around forever, but candles were improved in Georgian times to the point where not just royalty but wealthy members of society could have evening events," she says. There was the invention of paste (surviving glass baubles from that epoch can fetch thousands today) and other innovations like using cut steel. ![]() "Diamonds and pearls were absolutely popular but so were garnets, emeralds, rubies, spinel, coral."Īnd jewelry became far more democratic. "Mines in Brazil were opening up and more stones were readily available," Satloff says. ![]() This was also a period of exploration and discovery. Take mourning gems: Queen Victoria may have popularized the concept, wearing sweet remembrances of departed loved ones containing strands of their hair, but they were popular during Charlotte's time, too, as were giardinetti rings. Andrés Oyeulaįoiling is but one example of the sort of innovation that characterized jewelry in Georgian England. "We wanted to honor the Bridgerton world, so we came up with this idea of our palette being more like an Impressionist painting." "On one level we did try to be true to the period, and on another level we wanted to reinvent it," Paolo says. ![]() For Paolo and co-costume designer Laura Frecon, this required finding the delicate stylistic balance between nodding to the past while maintaining that signature irreverent charm. ![]() Factor in the Bridgerton M.O., with its an emphasis on pop culture embellishment-and fun-over stuffy historical fact, and the rocks will most certainly add up.Īnd yet another challenge? While Bridgerton is an entirely fictional world spun from the early aughts novels of Julia Quinn, Queen Charlotte is loosely based on a real figure-she is already a fixture in the former, as a gossip-loving, outrageously coiffed monarch, but now gets a nuanced backstory of her own-putting this show in the canon of recent TV tales centered on the young lives of history's legendary queens. Because as anyone knows, it takes a lot of diamonds-and pearls and sapphires and rubies and emeralds-to adorn royals (last Saturday's coronation confirmed it). "We kept running out of jewelry," says costume designer Lyn Paolo, mastermind of all the silky shimmering splendor of Queen Charlotte, the highly anticipated Bridgerton prequel that finally dropped on Netflix last week. ![]() True spot colors, mixed off press, for perfect Pantone-certified solids.4, 6, or 7 process colors for vivid printing and accurate on-press Pantone emulations.Up to 7 ink stations for the extended color gamut, including HP Indigo ElectroInk White and other special effect inks.ElectroInk and the HP Indigo process deliver crisp linework, attractive images and smooth vignettes with a very thin ink layer that gives uniform gloss between ink and substrate.The HP Indigo 10000 Digital Press leads the industry in print quality and color by delivering offset-matching quality. HP Indigo 10000 29 Inch Digital Press Maximizes Production Possibilities It has new energy efficient techniques and consumes less oil per page compared to other HP Indigo presses. The HP Indigo 10000 is designed for the environmental sustainability. The press has multiple drawers which easily enables on-the-fly media changeovers and continuous printing. The press is compatible with standard sheet size, offset palette feeding, and conventional finishing devices. The 29 inch format facilitates quick ramp up and easy integration into offset PSPs. The HP Indigo 10000 digital press is a great fit for offset printers. The Quality Automation Suite on the HP Indigo 10000 digital press utilizes an embedded spectrophotometer, multiple registration cameras, and a Vision System, making it possible to achieve the highest Indigo print quality. By incorportating up to 7 ink stations on the press, the ElectroInk technology also provides the widest digital color spectrum. With the HP Indigo liquid ElectroInk and its unique digital offset process, this digital press produces prints of the highest quality, matching or even exceeding offset, which allows them to be used interchangeably. The HP Indigo 10000 has offset-matching print quality. It can print on coated, on uncoated, on metallic, on recycled papers, on paperboard for folding cartons, and on specialty papers. The press is compatible with more than 2500 certified substrates, from 45 lb text to 150 lb cover and 3-18 pt. The HP Indigo 1000 digital press supports the widest media range in the commercial print industry. The press speed combined with the high number of copies imposed, per sheet, delivers two and a half times or more the productivity of any digital sheetfed press in use today. The 29 inch format makes it possible to complete jobs with high efficiency while lowering the cost per copy, and thus pushing the breakeven point vs. While printing 3450 sheets per hour (4/0), or 4600 using the Enhanced Productivity Mode (EPM), the press can produce over two million color sheets per month. The HP Indigo 10000 digital press is a high productivity press. The 29 inch format with the built-in duplex mechanism gives this press the ability to digitally print any size application whether it be large lay-flat books, pocket folders, six-page brochures, or posters. The HP Indigo 10000 digital press will print any commercial job. This digital press is a great press for offset print service providers, for printing large volumes of high-value pages and in a wide spectrum of commercial print applications. The 29 inch format HP Indigo 10000 Digital Press will produce any commercial job and it will produce it with Indigo quality, substrate versatility, and production flexibility. Xerox iGen Digital Production Press VideosĪstounding Productivity & Application Range.HP Indigo 10000 B2 Format 29 Inch Digital Press.Embellish With Xerox Iridesse Production Press.Ultra HD Resolution Four Color Quality Of Xerox Iridesse Production Press.Xerox Ingenious iGen 5 Digital Production Press Quality And Productivity.Get Into Ingenious Production Printing With The Xerox iGen 5 Press.HP Large Format Printers & Industrial Presses.Horizon Standard Digital Duplicators, Book Binding/Finishing & Office Mailing Equipment.Duplo Digital Printers, Bindery/Finishing & Office Mailing Equipment.Epson Office, Large Format Printers & Presses. ![]() Xerox Office Printers & Production Presses.Printer, Press & Office Machine Product Catalogs. ![]()
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![]() Under the first streaming tab we will begin making changes. Than go down to the Output tab and under Output Mode select Advanced from the drop down menu. These same settings can be used across other stream programs like Streamlabs OBS or Stream Elements OBS.Live plugin.įirst you will want to open settings in OBS. This will serve as a general guide for how to get the right settings for quick sync in OBS. This can be on by default in some cases, but you will need to confirm it is on. How to setup Quicksync in OBS?įirstly you will need to enable Quick Sync from your bios settings. Based on your stream setup and overlay usage your mileage may vary. This 4-5% is also a bit on the high end since I use a fair amount of graphic overlays and other things in the background which can have an impact on cpu usage. The rest is all offloaded to the iGPU on the chip and has no impact on gaming or streaming performance. While streaming 1080p 60fps I max out at only using 4-5% cpu for enconding. This will drastically cut down costs versus a two pc stream and the best part is that it has only a minimal impact on your cpu. By using the igpu portion of the processor to encode your stream you can do your gaming and streaming all off one machine. This portion of the processor will go unused by your computer if you have a graphics card which does all of the graphical processing. This also should go without saying, but it is not available on AMD processors. So much so that I would not even try it on anything older than 7th gen. This feature is only available on 2nd gen and newer Intel processors, but looks massively better on newest 8th and 9th gen processors. Quick sync is where you use the iGPU portion of your Intel processor. So what is Intel Quick Sync and why do I want to use it? All of this can add up to quite a bit of extra money especially if you intend to take streaming seriously down the line. On top of that you will also need a capture card to get the video signal from your gaming pc to your stream pc. You will also need some type of mixer whether that be a standard audio mixer or something more advanced like a GoXLR to get the audio mixed from both pc’s. Firstly it is much more expensive as you need to have two pc’s. While these are great there are also a lot of downsides to it as well. This definitely has advantages where the encoding process doesn’t use any of the cpu horsepower from your gaming pc, you can restart the gaming pc without ending your stream, and it allows for some more custom advanced options with audio and video settings. This is where you play your game on one pc and the second pc encodes the stream to send to Twitch, Mixer, etc. If you’ve spent much time streaming you will see that many people who are more advanced or doing it full time will use a two pc setup. I was on this train too and not until I switched my Plex server to use Quick Sync based on recommendation did I see the light. Secondly the earlier versions of quick sync did look pretty bad and this is what most people will base their experience with it on. I can’t blame them for not knowing what is because using CPU via x.264 or using NVENC has been ingrained into everyone’s mind since all of the ‘big’ streamers do it. Either they have no idea what it is or they will say it looks terrible. If you ask just about anyone in the streaming community about quick sync you will usually get one of two responses. So you want to stream with quick sync? This is the guide to help with setting up your stream to use Intel Quick Sync and to dispel some of the myths associated with quick sync. ![]() The second verse focuses mainly on the girl and encourages her to find her path and be independent. The chorus sums up the song's central idea, namely that both father and daughter are growing up together, and that neither knows what they are doing, but they will figure it out together. The first verse talks about how boys don't usually cry, but Macklemore's father has shed many tears. The song's mood is confessional: the lyrics primarily reveal Macklemore's struggles with parenthood. In "Growing Up", Macklemore talks about his anxieties about being a good father and playing his role as a parent. If I'm still growing up, still growing up, still growing up You're only young once, my loved one, this is your chance Go to festivals, camp, fall in love and dance ![]() Get a sled, thrash the hill with your friends, 'til it melts If it snows, go outside, build a jump, get some help Wear a helmet, don't be stupid,jaywalk, but look before you do it Watch the sun set with best friends from a rooftop Study David Bowie, James Baldwin and 2Pac The quickest way to happiness learning to be selflessĪsk more questions, talk about yourself less Sneak her in after but boy, you better tiptoeĭon't wake your mom up,do yoga, learn 'bout karma Tell the truth, regardless of the consequenceĪnd every day, give your momma a complimentīut don't get too drunk hanging out the limo Listen to your teachers, but cheat in calculus Times are changing, I know, but who am I if You put the work in, don't worry about the praise, my loveĭon't try to change the world, find something that you love Read Langston Hughes, I suggest A Raisin in the Sun I love you and I can't give you enough of that Had your heart broken, been there, done that To be something that I can look back and I can be proud ofĭon't wanna be a dad that's living in FaceTimeīut I've got a world to sing to and you at the same timeįor your sweet sixteen, you get a bus pass Put in so many hours, and I just want the outcome I can promise you that I'll try to work lessīut the tour's routed, and I got this album I don't know if I'll be there for your first step I don't wanna mess this up or do this wrong Although it did have a handful of good songs, it also had songs that I don’t see myself listening to ever again.'Cause your momma's the toughest person I knowĪnd watch you show the world how to do it on your own ![]() I would say that this album was mediocre at best. Since the huge success of The Heist, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had big shoes to fill with their new album. This is definitely my favorite song on the album because of how much Macklemore cares about his daughter and wants to teach her valuable lessons while still having a good time. Ed Sheeran’s calming voice is featured in the chorus creating soothing vocals. ![]() He sings about creating memories, teaching important life lessons and promising to be the best possible dad. “Growing Up” was written for Macklemore’s new-born daughter, creating a truly meaningful song. It features four other artists, creating an even more lively performance. “Downtown” is by far the most well known song on the album and even reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It reminds me a lot of “Thrift Shop” from The Heist in 2012, which introduced fans to the unique style of Macklemore for the first time. This song has a fun and energetic beat for the entirety of the song. But by the end, the tune picked up and even featured vocals from Jamila Woods, who is most famous for collaborating with “The Social Experiment” on their hit “Sunday Candy.” Although this wasn’t my favorite Macklemore song, it definitely tells a message I’ll remember. At almost nine minutes long, the song got a little boring in the middle and almost made me want to fast forward. In the song, he raps while making a statement about discrimination and the Black Lives Matter social movement. This track is a sequel to “White Privilege,” which Macklemore released in 2009. This album contains lyrics and vocals that truly exhibit Macklemore’s unique style of powerful messages and catchy beats. Since the debut of their first album as a duo, Macklemore and Lewis have released three more singles, performed at the MTV Video Music awards, went on a world tour and most recently released their second album, This Unruly Mess I’ve Made. The Heist featured two songs, “Thrift Shop” and “Can’t Hold Us,” that both reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Macklemore and Ryan Lewis have become one of the most popular rap and hip hop duos since their release of The Heist in 2012. ![]() ![]() ![]() The details vary widely by period and place, but generally the addition of a colour (often red) to an empty or filled head of a note, or the "colouring in" of an otherwise empty head of a note, shortens the duration of the note. The term cromatico (Italian) was occasionally used in the Medieval and Renaissance periods to refer to the coloration (Latin coloratio) of certain notes. For all three tetrachords, only the middle two strings varied in their pitch. In the enharmonic tetrachord the second string of the lyre was lowered further to G, so that the two lower interval in the tetrachord were quarter tones, making the pitches A G F E (where F is F ♮ lowered by a quarter tone). In the chromatic tetrachord the second string of the lyre was lowered from G to G ♭, so that the two lower intervals in the tetrachord were semitones, making the pitches A G ♭ F E. A diatonic tetrachord comprised, in descending order, two whole tones and a semitone, such as A G F E (roughly). These three tunings were called diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic, and the sequences of four notes that they produced were called tetrachords ("four strings"). In ancient Greece there were three standard tunings (known by the Latin word genus, plural genera) of a lyre. Historically, however, it had other senses, referring in Ancient Greek music theory to a particular tuning of the tetrachord, and to a rhythmic notational convention in mensural music of the 14th to 16th centuries. Ĭhromatic most often refers to structures derived from the twelve-note chromatic scale, which consists of all semitones. In some usages it includes all forms of heptatonic scale that are in common use in Western music (the major, and all forms of the minor). Very often, diatonic refers to musical elements derived from the modes and transpositions of the "white note scale" C–D–E–F–G–A–B. These terms may mean different things in different contexts. They are very often used as a pair, especially when applied to contrasting features of the common practice music of the period 1600–1900. , movement I, fugue subject: diatonic variant ĭiatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. |